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Taxes I. Under the judges, according to the theocratic government contemplated by the law, the only payments incumbent upon the people as of permanent obligation were the Tithes, the Firstfruits, the Redemption-money of the first-born, and other offerings as belonging to special occasions. The payment by each Israelite of the half-shekel as "atonement-money," for the service of the tabernacle, on taking the census of the people, (Exodus 30:13) does not appear to have had the character of a recurring tax, but to have been supplementary to the freewill offerings of (Exodus 25:1-7) levied for the one purpose of the construction of the sacred tent. In later times, indeed, after the return from Babylon, there was an annual payment for maintaining the fabric and services of the temple; but the fact that this begins by of a shekel, (Nehemiah 10:32) shows that till then there was no such payment recognized as necessary. A little later the third became a half, and under the name of the didrachma, (Matthew 17:24) was paid by every Jew, in whatever part of the world he might be living. II. The kingdom, with centralized government and greater magnificence, involved of course, a larger expenditure, and therefore a heavier taxation, The chief burdens appear to have been-- (1) A tithe of the produce both of the soil and of live stock. (1 Samuel 8:15,17) (2) Forced military service for a month every year. (1 Samuel 8:12; 1 Kings 9:22; 1 Chronicles 27:1) (3) Gifts to the king. (1 Samuel 10:27; 16:20; 17:18) (4) Import duties. (1 Kings 10:15) (5) The monopoly of certain-branches of commerce. (1 Kings 9:28; 22:48; 10:28,29) (6) The appropriation to the king's use of the early crop of hay. (Amos 7:1) At times, too, in the history of both the kingdoms there were special burdens. A tribute of fifty shekels a head had to be paid by Menahem to the Assyrian king, (2 Kings 16:20) and under his successor Hoshea this assumed the form of an annual tribute. (2 Kings 17:4) III. Under the Persian empire the taxes paid by the Jews were, in their broad outlines, the same in kind as those of other subject races. The financial system which gained for Darius Hystaspes the name of the "shopkeeper king" involved the payment by each satrap of a fixed sum as the tribute due from his province. In Judea, as in other provinces, the inhabitants had to provide in kind for the maintenance of the governor's household, besides a money payment of forty shekels a day. (Nehemiah 5:14,15) In Ezra 4:13,20; 7:24 We get a formal enumeration of the three great branches of the revenue. The influence of Ezra secured for the whole ecclesiastical order, from the priests down to the Nethinim, an immunity from all three (Ezra 7:24) but the burden pressed heavily on the great body of the people. IV. Under the Egyptian and Syrian kings the taxes paid by the Jews became yet heavier. The "farming" system of finance was adopted in its worst form. The taxes were put up to auction. The contract sum for those of Phoenicia, Judea and Samaria had been estimated at about 8000 talents. An unscrupulous adventurer would bid double that sum, and would then go down to the province, and by violence and cruelty, like that of Turkish or Hindoo collectors, squeeze out a large margin of profit for himself. V. The pressure of Roman taxation, if not absolutely heavier, was probably more galling, as being more thorough and systematic, more distinctively a mark of bondage. The capture of Jerusalem by Pompey was followed immediately by the imposition of a tribute, and within a short time the sum thus taken from the resources of the country amounted to 10,000 talents. When Judea became formally a Roman province, the whole financial system of the empire came as a natural consequence. The taxes were systematically farmed, and the publicans appeared as a new curse to the country. The portoria were levied at harbors, piers and the gates of cities. (Matthew 17:24; Romans 13:7) In addition to this there was the poll-tax paid by every Jew, and looked upon, for that reason, as the special badge of servitude. United with this, as part of the same system, there was also, in all probability, a property tax of some kind. In addition to these general taxes, the inhabitants of Jerusalem were subject to a special house duty about this period. Source: Smith's Bible Dictionary, 1884
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Quote it completely! Search results for "Tax" - Wikisource http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Tax luxury tax -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia ![]() luxury tax, excise levy on goods or services considered to be luxuries rather than necessities. Modern examples are taxes on jewelry and perfume. 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The Benefit and The Burden: Tax Reform-Why We Need It and What It Will Take by Bruce BartlettSimon & SchusterA thoughtful and surprising argument for American tax reform, arguably the most overdue political debate facing the nation, from one of the most respected political and economic thinkers, advisers, and writers of our time. The United States Tax Code has undergone no serious reform since 1986. Since then, loopholes, exemptions, credits, and deductions have distorted its clarity, increased its inequity, and frustrated our ability to govern ourselves. At its core, any tax system is in place to raise the revenue needed to pay the government’s bills. But where that revenue should come from raises crucial questions: Should our tax code be progressive, with the wealthier paying more than the poor, and if so, to what extent? Should we tax income or consumption or both? Of the various ideas proposed by economists and politicians—from tax increases to tax cuts, from a VAT to a Fair Tax—what will work and won’t? By tracing the history of our own tax system and by assessing the way other countries have solved similar problems, Bartlett explores the surprising answers to all of these questions, giving a sense of the tax code’s many benefits—and its inevitable burdens. Tax reform will be a major issue debated in the years ahead. Growing budget deficits and the expiration of various tax cuts loom. Reform, once a philosophical dilemma, is turning into a practical crisis. By framing the various tax philosophies that dominate the debate, Bartlett explores the distributional, technical, and political advantages and costs of the various proposals and ideas that will come to dominate America’s political conversation in the years to come. Death, Taxes, and a French Manicure: A Tara Holloway Novel by Diane KellySt. Martin's PaperbacksTara Holloway has got your number. A special agent on the IRS’s payroll, she’s dead-set on making sure that money crimes don’t pay… Tax cheats, beware: The Treasury Department’s Criminal Investigations Division has a new special agent on its payroll. A recovering tomboy with a head for numbers, Tara’s fast becoming the Annie Oakley of the IRS—kicking ass, taking social security numbers, and keeping the world safe for honest taxpayers. Or else. Tara’s latest mission finds her in hot pursuit of ice-cream vendor Joseph “Joe Cool” Cullen. Along with frozen treats he’s selling narcotics—and failing to report his ill-gotten gains on his tax returns. Over Tara’s dead body. Then there’s Michael Gryder, who appears to be operating a Ponzi scheme…with banker Stan Shelton…whose lake house is being landscaped by Brett Ellington…who happens to be dating Tara. If following that money trail isn’t tough enough, now Tara must face a new conundrum: Should she invest her trust in Brett—or put him behind bars? New love always comes at a cost but justice? Priceless. Income Tax Law for Start-Up Businesses: An Overview of Business Entities and Income Tax Law by Michael M Gill J.D. CPATelemachus Press, LLCThis book is a must-read for entrepreneurs and new business owners. Income tax law can be complicated and overwhelming, and business owners may not be aware of the essential steps they need to take to comply with tax law. The author offers a straightforward overview of income tax terms and principles that business owners should be aware of in order to minimize income taxes, such as the different types of business entities, rules for deducting business expenses, home office deductions, passive activity income, and payroll taxes. This book is a must-read for entrepreneurs and new business owners. Income tax law can be complicated and overwhelming, and business owners may not be aware of the essential steps they need to take to comply with tax law. The author offers a straightforward overview of income tax terms and principles that business owners should be aware of in order to minimize income taxes, such as the different types of business entities, rules for deducting business expenses, home office deductions, passive activity income, and payroll taxes. J.K. Lasser's Your Income Tax 2012: For Preparing Your 2011 Tax Return by J.K. LasserWileyAmerica's number one bestselling tax guide offers the best balance of thoroughness, organization, and usability For over half a century, more than 39 million Americans have turned to J.K. Lasser for easy-to-follow, expert advice and guidance on planning and filing their taxes. Written by a team of tax specialists, J.K. Lasser's Your Income Tax 2012 includes all the outstanding features that have made this book the nation's all-time top-selling tax guide. It covers some of the most important topics associated with your taxes, from what must you report as income and strategies that will save you on taxes to how much tax you actually owe and what deductions can you claim. As an added value, you can gain direct access to bonus materials through jklasser.com, including links to the latest tax forms from the IRS, up-to-the-minute tax law changes, small business help, and much more. Filled with in-depth insights and timely advice, this is the guide of choice for today's serious taxpayer.
Filled with practical tax guidance you can't find anywhere else, J.K. Lasser's Your Income Tax 2012 will help you plan and file your 2011 tax return in the most efficient way possible. America's number one bestselling tax guide offers the best balance of thoroughness, organization, and usability For over half a century, more than 39 million Americans have turned to J.K. Lasser for easy-to-follow, expert advice and guidance on planning and filing their taxes. Written by a team of tax specialists, J.K. Lasser's Your Income Tax 2012 includes all the outstanding features that have made this book the nation's all-time top-selling tax guide. It covers some of the most important topics associated with your taxes, from what must you report as income and strategies that will save you on taxes to how much tax you actually owe and what deductions can you claim. As an added value, you can gain direct access to bonus materials through jklasser.com, including links to the latest tax forms from the IRS, up-to-the-minute tax law changes, small business help, and much more. Filled with in-depth insights and timely advice, this is the guide of choice for today's serious taxpayer.
Filled with practical tax guidance you can't find anywhere else, J.K. Lasser's Your Income Tax 2012 will help you plan and file your 2011 tax return in the most efficient way possible. Culture of Corruption: Obama and His Team of Tax Cheats, Crooks, and Cronies by Michelle MalkinTantor Media
The era of hope and change is dead...and it only took six months in office to kill it.Never has an administration taken office with more inflated expectations of turning Washington around. Never have a media-anointed American Idol and his entourage fallen so fast and hard. In her latest investigative tour de force, New York Times bestselling author Michelle Malkin delivers a powerful, damning, and comprehensive indictment of the culture of corruption that surrounds Team Obama's brazen tax evaders, Wall Street cronies, petty crooks, slum lords, and business-as-usual influence peddlers. In Culture of Corruption, Malkin reveals:-Why nepotism beneficiaries First Lady Michelle Obama and Vice President Joe Biden are Team Obama's biggest liberal hypocrites-bashing the corporate world and influence-peddling industries from which they and their relatives have benefited mightily-What secrets the ethics-deficient members of Obama's cabinet-including Hillary Clinton-are trying to hide-Why the Obama White House has more power-hungry, unaccountable "czars" than any other administration-How Team Obama's first one hundred days of appointments became a litany of embarrassments as would-be appointee after would-be appointee was exposed as a tax cheat or had to withdraw for other reasons-How Obama's old ACORN and union cronies have squandered millions of taxpayer dollars and dues money to enrich themselves and expand their power-How Obama's Wall Street money men and corporate lobbyists are ruining the economy and helping their friendsIn Culture of Corruption, Michelle Malkin lays bare the Obama administration's seamy underside that the liberal media would rather keep hidden. How to Pay Zero Taxes 2012: Your Guide to Every Tax Break the IRS Allows! by Jeff SchnepperMcGraw-HillHundreds of ways to save BIG MONEY at tax time—updated for 2012! Fully updated for the new tax year, How to Pay Zero Taxes 2012 reveals all the secrets for keeping as much of your money as the law allows. How to Pay Zero Taxes 2012 lays out simple strategies that are sure to save you money—this year, next year, and beyond. From converting personal expenses into business deductions to avoiding (or surviving) an IRS audit, Jeff Schnepper’s guide comprehensively covers more deductions than any other tax book, all conveniently organized into six easy-access categories: exclusions, credits, general deductions, “below the line” deductions, traditional tax shelters, and super tax shelters. NEW FOR 2012, COMPLETE COVERAGE OF:
Understanding Your Tax Returns: Other Taxes, Penalties, Amended Returns, Installment Agreements, And Filing For Extensions by Milton BootheMGB Financial ServicesUnderstanding Your Tax Returns is a new series of tax publications designed to help taxpayers across the USA. The objective of these publications is to help taxpayers to understand United States income tax code as far as Form 1040; US Individual Tax Returns is concerned. With a good basic knowledge of the tax code, taxpayers will potentially be in the position to literally increase their income tax refunds (or decrease their tax liabilities) by thousands of dollars, simply by claiming all the tax deductions and tax credits that they are eligible for. Understanding Your Tax Returns is a new series of tax publications designed to help taxpayers across the USA. The objective of these publications is to help taxpayers to understand United States income tax code as far as Form 1040; US Individual Tax Returns is concerned. With a good basic knowledge of the tax code, taxpayers will potentially be in the position to literally increase their income tax refunds (or decrease their tax liabilities) by thousands of dollars, simply by claiming all the tax deductions and tax credits that they are eligible for. Understanding Your Tax Returns: Your Social Security And Retirement Benefits by Milton BootheMGB Financial ServicesUnderstanding Your Tax Returns is a new series of tax publications designed to help taxpayers across the USA. The objective of these publications is to help taxpayers to understand United States income tax code as far as Form 1040; US Individual Tax Returns is concerned. With a good basic knowledge of the tax code, taxpayers will potentially be in the position to literally increase their income tax refunds (or decrease their tax liabilities) by thousands of dollars, simply by claiming all the tax deductions and tax credits that they are eligible for. Understanding Your Tax Returns is a new series of tax publications designed to help taxpayers across the USA. The objective of these publications is to help taxpayers to understand United States income tax code as far as Form 1040; US Individual Tax Returns is concerned. With a good basic knowledge of the tax code, taxpayers will potentially be in the position to literally increase their income tax refunds (or decrease their tax liabilities) by thousands of dollars, simply by claiming all the tax deductions and tax credits that they are eligible for. Tax and the Self-employedby Ian HillsKogan Page LtdFrom the author of Flowers in the Attic comes Book Three of the internationally bestselling Dollanganger family saga. The family was now living as far as possible from the haunting scenes of their past, and, in the sunshine and joy of their new life, with the children and their shared love, they tried to forget the anguish of their loveless inheritance. But the hidden secrets of the past rose up to trouble them. Their parents' dark heritage began to haunt them once more. The rage and hatred they felt returned to torment and twist the new generation. Only if they could forgive their mother and forgo their final revenge could they at last find the peace they so desperately sought. Death, Taxes, and a Skinny No-Whip Latte (Tara Holloway) by Diane KellySt. Martin's PaperbacksIt’s all in a day’s work for Tara Holloway, the U.S. Treasury’s latest, greatest, soon-to-be-skinniest weapon against the biggest, richest tax cheats in the nation… When she joined the Criminal Investigations Division, Tara knew she’d be investigating some very real crooks. Forget about waitresses hiding tips from the IRS or babysitters not declaring income! Tara and her partner, Eddie, are going after one of country’s richest, dirtiest felons. Being on a diet doesn’t help Tara’s mood much. Hopefully, by the time the investigation is over, she’ll be sitting somewhere in a string bikini, far, far away… But first: Reality. Marcos Mendoza is a suspected loan shark with connections across the Mexican border. He’s never been accused of any crimes, yet his business associates have a history of disappearing…and resurfacing…in body bags. Will Tara risk life, limb, and the pursuit of filing a joint tax return with her maybe-serious boyfriend Brett? Fighting crime, like drinking a cup of coffee with low-fat milk and artificial sweetener, is often bittersweet… |
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